A new theory reveals the mechanism of fracture in soft materials

A new theory has finally unraveled the physical mechanisms of fracture in soft materials. This discovery could soon lead to new defect-free materials that are stronger and more durable, as well as more environmentally friendly. He recently published the article “Elastic Instability Behind Brittle Fracture”. Physical Review Letters.

“We found that the fracture propagates from the free surface of the material, starting with an elastic instability that breaks the symmetry of the object. Then the rupture propagates drastically with an intricate network of cracks that propagate as a turbulent phenomenon similar to the one we observe.” in liquids, as in vortex formation,” explains Pasquale Ciarletta from the MOX Laboratory, Department of Mathematics at the Politecnico di Milano.

This discovery stimulates significant applications in various technological sectors. For example, in the production of micro and nano devices, where the materials must be extremely durable and without defects.

Understanding how cracks form can lead to the design of more robust and durable materials.

In consumer electronics, this could lead to devices such as smartphones, tablets and laptops with screens that are more resistant to shocks and drops, reducing the frequency of repairs and replacements. In the medical sector, implantable devices such as pacemakers and prostheses could benefit from safer, longer-lasting materials, which would critically improve patient health. In the aerospace industry, understanding and preventing material fracture can lead to more robust and reliable structures, reducing the risks associated with space travel and air travel.

“The results of this research not only pave the way for future studies aimed at developing materials with unprecedented mechanical properties, but also have a positive impact on the environment by reducing the need for frequent product changes and reducing the amount of waste. This can contribute to more sustainable production and more efficient use natural resources,” concludes Davide Riccobelli from the Department of Mathematics at the Politecnico di Milano.

The study was carried out by an international team of researchers, led by Politecnico di Milano Riccobelli and Ciarletta, in collaboration with Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique and ESPCI in Paris, demonstrating that international collaboration continues to play a key role in pushing the boundaries of materials science.